Imaging of atlantooccipital and atlantoaxial traumatic. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 930k, or click on a. Occipital plates and assemblies combining occipital plates with one of several types of spinal rods or cervical plates in a procedure to fuse a portion of a skull to a portion of a spine including an occipital plate with mesh portions. Bone structure gross anatomy each bone consists of compact bone and cancellous bone. We report the case of an occipital bone osteoblastoma with discussion of imaging characteristics and radiologic modalities to best characterize osteoblastoma of the calvarium. Skull cranial skeleton neurocranium facial skeleton. The mesh portions may be used to augment the bone screws delivered via through holes in the occipital plate. The basilar part of the occipital bone also basioccipital extends forward and upward from the foramen magnum, and presents in front an area more or less quadrilateral in outline. It is continuous with the nuchal crest lamboidal ridge of the occipital bone. Bones and features of the skull cranium and face sheri amsel. A flat and pneumatic bone having a squamous part, two orbital plates with an ethmoidal notch intervening. Pdf several diseases may cause craniovertebral instability warranting occiputcervical fusion. Landmark points of the skull used for placing bone conduction vibrators adapted from.
The anatomy of the ccj will be discussed in terms of bone anatomy, ligamentous anatomy, and craniometry 1. Page references are from the 7th edition of the textbook. The thickness of the occipital bone was measured with a digital vernier caliper. Transversely, the occipital bone was divided into five lines starting at the level of the inion. The occipital bone functions of the occipital bone forms the posterior and inferior surfaces of the cranium articulations of the occipital bone parietal bones temporal bones sphenoid first cervical vertebra atlas marks of the occipital bone external occipital protuberance external occipital crest.
Skull 1 skull cranial skeleton neurocranium calarvia frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital cranial base facial skeleton viscerocranium. Jugular foramen located where the petrous part of the temporal bone joins the occipital bone. The model is constructed from 14 individual parts, which can easily be dismantled and put back together by way of interconnecting plugs. A computed tomography morphometric study of occipital bone and c2 pedicle anatomy for occipitalcervical fusion. Occipital and temporal bones, internal features aclands. It contains the middle and inner portions of the ear, and is crossed by the majority of the cranial nerves. It makes up a large portion of the basilar part of the neurocranium and entirely houses the cerebellum. Compact bone, also called dense or cortical bone, is a term describing solidlooking bone.
Dental head and neck anatomy september 2004 inside this manual lab 1 skull 2 neck i and ii 3 face. Surface bone histology of the occipital bone in humans and. Sagittal suture separating the two parietal bones 4. Compact bone is found on the surface of bones forming a protective outer coating. The basilar part of the occipital bone has an internal and an external surface. Skull anatomy the neurosurgical atlas, by aaron cohen.
Pdf the formation of the occipital bone is intricate and has been extensively. The practical exam will consist of fifty questions. The game ends when you get all 7 questions correct, or when you give up. The occipital bone was thicker than 8 mm in an area extending laterally from the external occipital. The temporal bone contributes to the lower lateral walls of the skull. The occipital bone is an anteriorly concave bone that forms the base of the cranium. Basic anatomy of the hearing system 281 vestibulocochlear 8th cranial and the facial 7th cranial nerves. Position of patient prone with the central ray directed cephalad at an angle of 25 degrees. Skull, skeletal framework of the head of vertebrates, composed of bones or cartilage, which form a unit that protects the brain and some sense organs. Heres the squamous part of the temporal bone, heres the petrous part, which contains the structures of the inner and middle ear. See enlarged image the curved, expanded plate behind the foramen magnum is named the.
Petrous part forms a bony wedge between the sphenoid and occipital bones and contributes to the cranial base. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Ziser, lecture notes, 2005 4 can drive bone fragments through the cribriform plate into the meninges or brain itself can also shear off olfactory nerves loses of smell hyoid bone single u shaped bone in neck just below mandible suspended from styloid process of temporal bone. Parietooccipital sulcus groove on medial surface of hemisphere that separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe of the cerebrum. Forms an opening which the internal jugular vein and cranial nerves ix, x, and xi pass. The angulation can be varied to demonstrate other anatomy as needed. Human and chimpanzee occipital bones are thought to grow and develop in distinctly opposite bone remodeling patterns. A biometric study of the occipital bone was carried out on 125 dissecting room.
The facial nerve provides sensory and motor innervation to the face. The occipital lobes are positioned in the rearmost portion of the skull, the occipital lobes are part of the forebrain. Bodytomy explains the anatomy, diagram, and function of the occipital bone. Because of that, the occipital bone is described in terms. Morphologic and radiologic anatomy of the occipital bone article pdf available in journal of spinal disorders 146. It is the only cranial bone to articulate with the cervical spine, and besides this articulation, it articulates with many other bones of the skull. It is trapezoidal in shape and curved on itself like a shallow dish. In 18 cadaveric specimens, the occipital bone was divided into 35 measurable segments. A computed tomography morphometric study of occipital bone.
Petrous part pars petrosa temporalis is a pyramidshaped portion of the temporal bone that projects medially and anteriorly from the squamous part. Morphologic and radiologic anatomy of the occipital bone. Imaging characteristics of occipital bone osteoblastoma. Heres the squamous part of the occipital bone, heres the basilar part, heres the foramen magnum. The occipital bone is the trapezoidalshaped bone found at the lowerback area of the cranium. The lower portion of the bone articulates with the mandible, forming the temporomandibular joint of the jaw. These points are used to establish design lines that are proportionate. The temporal bone articulates with a number of other flat bones of the skull at joints called sutures. The occipital bone overlies the occipital lobes of the cerebrum.
In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the sphenoid bone its location, structure, and clinical significance. The sphenoid bone, occipital bone and the two temporal bones form the basis of the skull. The occipital condyles are paired kidneyshaped structures that form the base of the occipital bone and are the structural bases for the articulation of the skull with the cervical spine. The occipital bone was thicker than 8 mm in an area extending laterally from the external occipital protuberance for 23 mm and consisted of dense cortical bone with little or no diploic bone. These structures are approximated at two major joints, the atlantooccipital and atlantoaxial joints. The aim of this study was to create a map of the occipital bone using a cadaveric morphometric analysis. It forms a narrow mass between the sphenoid bone anterior and the occipital bone posterior. Basilar part of occipital bone the basilar part of the occipital bone also called the basioccipital is the portion of the occipital bone extending anteriorly from the foramen magnum and joining with the body of the sphenoid bone. Notably, the temporal bone attaches to the joint of the jaw bonethe temporomandibular jointand is fused with other bones of the skull, including the occipital bone on the lower rear side, the parietal bone above that, the sphenoid bone on its front side, and the zygomatic cheek bone. Practice labeling the occipital bone, just one of the many bones of the skull.
Lets take a brief look at the the occipital and temporal bones from the inside. Structures demonstrated include the occipital bone, foramen magnum, and petrous pyramids along with the posterior clinoids and dorsum sellae in the shadow of the foramen magnum. The two occipital lobes are the tiniest of four paired lobes in the cerebral cortex. In the young skull this area is rough and uneven, and is joined to the body of the sphenoid by a plate of cartilage.
Crosssectional anatomy chapter 15 neuro anatomy chapter 16 thoracic anaomt y. Twelve heads, from seven male and five female cadavers, were studied. It is one of seven bones that fuse together to form the skull and is directly next to five of the cranium bones. Ce4rt radiographic positioning of the skull for xray techs. A 20yearold female presented with right occipital tenderness, headache, and cervical pain. Us9526528b2 occipital and bone plate assemblies with.
It makes up a large portion of the basilar part of the neurocranium and entirely houses the cerebellum it is the only cranial bone to articulate with the cervical spine, and besides this articulation, it articulates with many other bones of the skull. Anatomy and function of the occipital bone explained with. Each articulates with the zygomatic bone zygomaticotemporal suture, sphenoid bone sphenosquamosal suture, parietal bone parietosquamous suture, and occipital bone occipitomastoid suture. Results the maximum thickness of the occipital bone, which ranged from 11. Occipital lobe region of the cerebrum located under occipital bone. The remaining temporal markings are located in this part.
Learn more about the anatomy and function of the skull in humans and other vertebrates. The occipital is cupped like a saucer in order to house the back part of the brain. As occipital screw and rod constructs are becoming more. Along with its inferior and internal surfaces is the prominent foramen magnum, which allows the spinal cord to pass through the skull. The occipital bone is an unpaired bone which covers the back of the head occiput. Pdf morphologic and radiologic anatomy of the occipital bone. It is pierced by a large oval aperture, the foramen magnum, through which the cranial cavity communicates with the vertebral canal. Pdf several diseases may cause craniovertebral instability warranting occiput cervical fusion. Surface bone histology of the occipital bone in humans and chimpanzees ken mowbray human and chimpanzee occipital bones are thought to grow and develop in distinctly opposite bone remodeling patterns.
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